@article{Asongu,2019,
title = {Income Levels, Governance and Inclusive Human Development in Sub-Saharan Africa},
author = {Simplice A. Asongu, Nicholas M. Odhiambo},
url = {https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11482-019-09755-8},
doi = {10.1007/s11482-019-09755-8},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-07-19},
journal = {Applied Research in Quality of Life},
abstract = {This study examines how income-driven governance affects inclusive human development in Sub-Saharan Africa with data for the period 2000–2012. The empirical evidence is based on the Generalised Method of Moments (GMM) and Tobit regressions. Nine bundled and unbundled concepts of governance are used: political (voice & accountability and political stability/no violence), economic (government effectiveness and regulation quality) and institutional (corruption-control and the rule of law) governances. The main finding is that ‘middle income’-driven governance has a higher effect on inclusive human development than ‘low income’-driven governance. Policy implications are discussed in the light of: (i) the contemporary relevance of findings; (ii) the pivotal role of a higher income level in the post-2015 sustainable development agenda; and (iii) inconsistent strands in the literature and in foreign aid policies.},
keywords = {Inclusive development; Income levels; Governance},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@article{Asongu,2019,
title = {Natural Resource Exports, Foreign Aid and Terrorism},
author = {Asongu Simplice},
url = {http://www.ijdc.org.in/uploads/1/7/5/7/17570463/jun_19_art_4_f1.pdf},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-07-18},
journal = {International Journal of Development and Conflict},
volume = {9},
number = {2019},
pages = {74–94.},
abstract = {Linkages between foreign aid, terrorism and natural resource (fuel and iron ore) exports are investigated in this study. The focus is on 78 developing countries with data for the period 1984 to 2008. The generalised method of moment is employed as empirical strategy. Three main foreign aid variables are used for the analysis, namely: bilateral aid, multilateral aid and total aid. The corresponding terrorism variables employed are: domestic terrorism, transnational terrorism, unclear terrorism and total terrorism. The following findings are established. First, the criteria informing the validity of specifications corresponding to iron ore exports do not hold. Second, there is evidence of convergence in fuel exports. Third, whereas the unconditional impacts of aid dynamics are not significant, the unconditional impacts of terrorism dynamics are consistently positive on fuel exports. Fourth, the interaction between terrorism and aid dynamics consistently display negative signs, with corresponding modifying aid thresholds within respective ranges. Unexpected signs are elicited and policy implications discussed. Given the unexpected results, an extended analysis is performed in which net effects are computed. These net effects are constitutive of the unconditional effect from terrorism and the conditional impacts from the interaction between foreign aid and terrorism dynamics. Based on the extended analysis, bilateral aid and total aid modulate terrorism dynamics to induce net positive effects on fuel exports while multilateral aid moderates terrorism dynamics to engender negative net effects on fuel exports. The research improves extant knowledge on nexuses between resources, terrorism and foreign aid.},
keywords = {Exports; Foreign Aid; Terrorism},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@article{Asongu,2019,
title = {Foreign direct investment, information technology and economic growth dynamics in Sub-Saharan Africa},
author = {Simplice A. Asongu & Nicholas M. Odhiambo},
url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0308596119301181},
doi = {10.1016/j.telpol.2019.101838},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-07-15},
journal = {Telecommunications Policy},
abstract = {The research assesses how information and communication technology (ICT) modulates the effect of foreign direct investment (FDI) on economic growth dynamics in 25 countries in Sub-Saharan Africa for the period 1980–2014. The employed economic growth dynamics are Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth, real GDP and GDP per capita while ICT is measured by mobile phone penetration and internet penetration. The empirical evidence is based on the Generalised Method of Moments. The study finds that both internet penetration and mobile phone penetration overwhelmingly modulate FDI to induce overall positive net effects on all three economic growth dynamics. Moreover, the positive net effects are consistently more apparent in internet-centric regressions compared to “mobile phone”-oriented specifications. In the light of negative interactive effects, net effects are decomposed to provide thresholds at which ICT policy variables should be complemented with other policy initiatives in order to engender favourable outcomes on economic growth dynamics. Practical and theoretical implications are discussed.},
keywords = {Economic Output; Foreign Investment; ICT},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@article{Asongu,2019,
title = {Terrorism and Social Media: Global Evidence},
author = {Simplice A. Asongu, Stella-Maris I. Orim & Rexon T. Nting},
url = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/1097198X.2019.1642023},
doi = {10.1080/1097198X.2019.1642023},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-07-14},
journal = {Journal Journal of Global Information Technology Management},
abstract = {The study assesses the relationship between terrorism and social media from a cross section of 148 countries with data for the year 2012. The empirical evidence is based on Ordinary Least Squares, Negative Binomial and Quantile regressions. The main finding is that there is a positive relationship between social media in terms of Facebook penetration and terrorism. The positive relationship is driven by below-median quantiles of terrorism. In other words, countries in which existing levels of terrorism are low are more significantly associated with a positive Facebook-terrorism nexus. The established positive relationship is confirmed from other externalities of terrorism: terrorism fatalities, terrorism incidents, terrorism injuries and terrorism-related property damages. The terrorism externalities are constituents of the composite dependent variable.},
keywords = {Terrorism: Social media},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@unpublished{Asongu,2019,
title = {Insurance Policy Thresholds for Economic Growth in Africa},
author = {Simplice Asongu, Nicholas M. Odhiambo },
url = {http://www.afridev.org/RePEc/agd/agd-wpaper/Insurance-Policy-Thresholds-for-Economic-Growth-in-Africa.pdf},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-07-10},
abstract = {This study investigates the role of insurance in economic growth on a panel of forty-eight countries in Africa for the period 2004-2014. The research question the study seeks to answer is the following: what thresholds of insurance penetration positively affect economic growth in Africa? The empirical evidence is based on Generalized Method of Moments. Life insurance increases economic growth while the effect of non-life insurance is not significant. Increasing both life insurance and non-life insurance has negative net effects on economic growth. From an extended analytical exercise, 4.149 of life insurance premium (% of GDP) is the minimum critical mass required for life insurance to positively affect economic prosperity while 1.805 of non-life insurance premium (% of GDP) is the minimum threshold required for non-life insurance to positively affect economic prosperity. Thresholds are also provided from the Hansen (1999) Panel Threshold Regression technique using a balanced sample of 28 countries.},
keywords = {Insurance; Economic Growth},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {unpublished}
}

@unpublished{Asongu,2019,
title = {Foreign Direct Investment, Information Technology and Economic Growth Dynamics in Sub-Saharan Africa},
author = {Simplice Asongu, Nicholas M. Odhiambo },
url = {http://www.afridev.org/RePEc/agd/agd-wpaper/FDI-ICT-and-Growth-in-Sub-Saharan-Africa.pdf},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-07-10},
abstract = {The research assesses how information and communication technology (ICT) modulates the effect of foreign direct investment (FDI) on economic growth dynamics in 25 countries in Sub-Saharan Africa for the period 1980-2014. The employed economic growth dynamics areGross Domestic Product (GDP) growth, real GDP and GDP per capita while ICT is measured by mobile phone penetration and internet penetration. The empirical evidence is based on the Generalised Method of Moments. The study finds that both internet penetration and mobile phone penetration overwhelmingly modulate FDI to induce overall positive net effects on all three economic growth dynamics. Moreover, the positive net effects are consistently more apparent in internet-centric regressions compared to “mobile phone”-oriented specifications. In the light of negative interactive effects, net effects are decomposed to provide thresholds at which ICT policy variables should be complemented with other policy initiatives in order to engender favorable outcomes on economic growth dynamics. Practical and theoretical implications are discussed.},
keywords = {Economic Output; Foreign Investment; ICT},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {unpublished}
}

@unpublished{Asongu,2019,
title = {Income Levels, Governance and Inclusive Human Development in Sub-Saharan Africa},
author = {Simplice A. Asongu, Nicholas M. Odhiambo},
url = {http://www.afridev.org/RePEc/agd/agd-wpaper/Income-Levels-Governance-and-Inclusive-Human-Development.pdf},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-07-02},
abstract = {This study examines how income-driven governance affects inclusive human development in Sub-Saharan Africa with data for the period 2000-2012. The empirical evidence is based on the Generalised Method of Moments (GMM) and Tobit regressions. Nine bundled and unbundled concepts of governance are used: political (voice & accountability and political stability/no violence), economic (government effectiveness and regulation quality) and institutional (corruption-control and the rule of law) governances. The main finding is that ‘middle income’-driven governance has a higher effect on inclusive human development than ‘low income’-driven governance. Policy implications are discussed in the light of: (i) the contemporary relevance of findings; (ii) the pivotal role of a higher income level in the post-2015 sustainable development agenda; and (iii) inconsistent strands in the literature and in foreign aid policies.},
keywords = {Inclusive development; Income levels; Governance},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {unpublished}
}

@article{Asongu,2019,
title = {Inequality, information technology and inclusive education in sub-Saharan Africa},
author = {Simplice Asongu, Stella-Maris I. Orim, Rexon T. Nting },
url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2019.06.006},
doi = {10.1016/j.techfore.2019.06.006},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-06-28},
journal = {Technological Forecasting and Social Change},
volume = {146},
number = {September},
pages = {380-389},
abstract = {This study examines linkages between inequality, information and communication technology (ICT) and inclusive education in order to establish inequality thresholds that should not be exceeded in order for ICT to promote inclusive education in 42 countries in sub-Saharan Africa for the period 2004–2014. The empirical evidence is based on the Generalized Method of Moments. The following findings are established. First, a Gini coefficient and an Atkinson index of respectively, 0.400 and 0.625 are income inequality thresholds that should not be exceeded in order for internet penetration to positively influence inclusive education. Second, a Gini coefficient, an Atkinson index and a Palma ratio of respectively, 0.574, 0.676 and 9.000 are thresholds of income inequality that if exceeded, fixed broadband subscriptions will no longer positively affect inclusive education. As a main policy implication, the established inequality thresholds should not be exceeded in order for ICT to promote inclusive education in sampled countries. Other implications in the light of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are discussed.},
keywords = {Education; Inequality; ICT; Sub-Saharan Africa},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@article{Asongu,2019,
title = {Transfer pricing and corporate social responsibility: arguments, views and agenda},
author = {implice A. Asongu, Joseph I. Uduji, Elda N. Okolo-Obasi},
url = {https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13563-019-00195-2},
doi = {10.1007/s13563-019-00195-2},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-06-25},
journal = {Mineral Economics},
abstract = {The central thesis of the paper is that multinational companies (MNC) should invest in the use of “soft” methods (socially responsible behavior) to mitigate costs in society accrued due to use of “hardcore” tax evasion tactics (transfer mispricing) to maximize profits from operations in developing countries and/or countries with weak or inefficient tax laws and tax collection institutions. Therefore, we articulate the argument of corporate social responsibility (CSR) as an indirect compensation for transfer mispricing. Our aim is not to present CSR as a solution to transfer mispricing. An analytical approach is based on a content analysis of the existing literature with emphasis on a case study. We first discuss the dark side of transfer pricing (TP), next we present the link between TP and poverty and finally we advance arguments for CSR as a compensation for transfer mispricing. While acknowledging that TP is a legal accounting practice, we argue that in light of its poverty and underdevelopment externalities, the practice per se should be a strong defence for CSR because it is also associated with schemes that deprive developing countries of the capital essential for investment in health, education and development programmes.},
keywords = {CSR; Transfer pricing; Extreme poverty},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@article{Asongu,2019,
title = {Tourism and insecurity in the world},
author = {Simplice A. Asongu, Joseph I. Uduji & Elda N. Okolo‑Obasi},
url = {https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12232-019-00330-z},
doi = {10.1007/s12232-019-00330-z},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-06-22},
journal = {International Review of Economics},
abstract = {The study assesses the role of forces of law and order in modulating the insecurity-tourism nexus in 163 countries for the period 2010 to 2015. Policy syndromes or insecurity dynamics include: violent crime, access to weapons, political instability and perception of criminality, while the policy variables of forces of law and order are captured with “security officers and police” and “armed service personnel.” The empirical evidence is based on negative binomial regressions. The findings show that the policy variables can be effectively used to crowd-out the negative incidence of policy syndromes on tourist arrivals. The results are contingent on net effects (from conditional and unconditional effects), insecurity dynamics and thresholds. A threshold is an inflexion point at which the unfavorable unconditional effect from a policy syndrome of insecurity on tourist arrivals is completely neutralized by policy variables of forces of law and order. Policy implications are discussed.},
keywords = {Insecurity; Peace; Tourism},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}