@unpublished{Asongu,2017,
title = {The Comparative African Economics of Inclusive Development and Military Expenditure in Fighting Terrorism},
author = {Simplice Asongu , Vanessa Tchamyou, Ndemaze Asongu, Nina Tchamyou},
url = {http://www.afridev.org/RePEc/agd/agd-wpaper/The-comparative-economics-of-fighting-terrorism-in-Africa.pdf},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-07-29},
abstract = {This study investigates the role of inclusive human development and military expenditure in fighting terrorism in 53 African countries for the period 1998-2012. The empirical evidence is based on contemporary, non-contemporary and instrumental variable Fixed Effects regressions. Inclusive development is not a sufficient condition for the fight against terrorism whereas military expenditure can be effectively employed to mitigate the phenomenon. Significant negative effects are established only when endogeneity is accounted for by means of non-contemporary and instrumental-variables approaches. Hence, the policy effectiveness of employed tools is contingent on whether they are engaged proactively (i.e. non-contemporarily) or not. From the findings, the propensity of military expenditure to fight transnational terrorism is higher in: (i) middle income countries vis-à-vis their low income counterparts; (ii) oil-rich countries compared to oil-poor countries and (iii) Christian-dominated countries vis-à-vis their Islam-oriented counterparts. Furthermore military expenditure is also more effective at combating domestic and transnational terrorism in: (i) North African countries vis-à-vis their sub-Saharan Africa counterparts; (ii) landlocked countries compared to countries that are open to the sea and (iii) politically-stable countries vis-à-vis their politically-unstable counterparts. Contributions to the comparative economics are discussed. Practical and theoretical contributions are also provided.},
keywords = {Terrorism; Inclusive development; Military expenditure; Africa},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {unpublished}
}

@unpublished{Asongu,2017,
title = {Openness, ICT and Entrepreneurship in Sub-Saharan Africa},
author = {Simplice A. Asongu, Jacinta C. Nwachukwu },
url = {http://www.afridev.org/RePEc/agd/agd-wpaper/Openness-ICT-and-Entrepreneurship-in-Sub-Saharan-Africa.pdf},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-07-29},
abstract = {This study has examined how information and communication technology (ICT) influences openness to improve the conditions of doing business in sub-Saharan Africa. The data is for the period 2000-2012. ICT is proxied with Internet and mobile phone penetration rates whereas openness is measured in terms of financial and trade globalisation. Ten indicators of doing business are used, namely: (i) cost of business start-up procedures; (ii) procedure to enforce a contract; (iii) start-up procedures to register a business; (iv) time required to build a warehouse; (v) time required to enforce a contract; (vi) time required to register a property; (vii) time required to start a business; (viii) time to export; (ix) time to prepare and pay taxes and (x) time to resolve an insolvency. The empirical evidence is based on Generalised Method of Moments with forward orthogonal deviations. While we find substantial evidence that ICT complements openness to improve conditions for entrepreneurship, the effects are contingent on the dynamics of openness, ICT and entrepreneurship. Theoretical and practical policy implications are discussed. The inquiry is based on two contemporary development concerns: the need for policy to leverage on the ICT penetration potential in the sub-region and the relevance of entrepreneurship in addressing associated issues of population growth such as unemployment.},
keywords = {Openness; ICT; Entrepreneurship; Africa},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {unpublished}
}

@article{Asongu,2017,
title = {Institutions and Poverty: A Critical Comment Based on Evolving Currents and Debates},
author = {Asongu S. A. & Kodila-Tedika O},
url = {https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11205-017-1709-y},
doi = {10.1007/s11205-017-1709-y},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-07-27},
journal = {Social Indicators Research},
abstract = {Tebaldi and Mohan (Journal of Development Studies 46:1047–1066, 2010) have established an empirical relationship between institutions and monetary poverty. We first, reflect their findings in the light of recent development models, debates and currents in post-2010 literature. We then re-examine their results with a non-monetary and multidimensional poverty indicator first published in 2010. Our findings confirm the negative relationship and the nexus disappears with control for average income. Hence, confirming the conclusions of the underlying study that institutions could have an indirect effect on multidimensional poverty. In other words, the poverty eradication effect of institutions is through average income as opposed to income inequality. We discuss how the findings provide insights into: (1) the Chinese model versus sustainable development; (2) debates over preferences in economic rights; (3) China’s development and outlook; (4) the Fosu conjectures and (5) Piketty’s and Kuznets’ literatures.

},
keywords = {Development, Institutions, Poverty},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@article{Asongu,2017,
title = {Extending the Determinants of Dollarization in Sub-Saharan Africa: The Role of Easy Access to Foreign Exchange Earnings},
author = {Ibrahim D. Raheem, Simplice A. Asongu},
url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0275531916302690},
doi = {10.1016/j.ribaf.2017.07.138},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-07-17},
journal = {Research in International Business and Finance},
abstract = {This study argues that the ease at which economic agents have access to foreign earnings would influence/increase the level of dollarization in the economy. The three sources of foreign currency earnings are financial integration, trade openness and natural resource rent. As such, we extend the determinants of dollarization to capture these variables. A dataset of 26 countries in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) for the period 2001–2012 was built. Based on Tobit regression, we found that all the proxies of foreign currency earning, with the exception of natural resource rent, are significant contributors to the increasing rate of dollarization. Specifically, it was found that trade openness and financial liberalization are positive determinants of dollarization, while natural resource rent serves as drag to the dollarization process. These results remain valid to three robustness tests. Policy implications and suggestions for future research were proposed.},
keywords = {Dollarization; Openness; Resources; Tobit regression; SSA},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@unpublished{Asongu,2017,
title = {Government Quality Determinants of ICT Adoption in Sub-Saharan Africa },
editor = {Asongu Simplice, Biekpe Nicholas},
url = {http://www.afridev.org/RePEc/agd/agd-wpaper/Government-Quality-Determinants-of-ICT-Adoption-in-Sub-Saharan-Africa.pdf},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-07-15},
abstract = {This study investigates government quality determinants of ICT adoption using Generalised Method of Moments on a panel of 49 Sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries for the period 2000-2012. ICT is measured with mobile phone penetration, internet penetration and telephone penetration rates while all governance dimensions from the World Bank Governance Indicators are considered, namely: political governance (consisting of political stability and “voice & accountability”); economic governance (entailing government effectiveness and regulation quality) and institutional governance (encompassing the rule of law and corruption-control). The following findings are established. First, political stability and the rule of law have positive short run and negative long term effects on mobile phone penetration. Second, the rule of law has a positive (negative) short run (long term) effect on internet penetration. Third, government effectiveness and corruption-control have positive short run and long term effects on telephone penetration. Institutional governance appears to be most significant in determining ICT adoption in SSA.},
keywords = {ICT; Governance; Africa},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {unpublished}
}

@unpublished{Asongu,2017,
title = {Does Globalization Promote Good Governance in Africa? An Empirical Study Across 51 countries},
author = {Simplice Asongu},
url = {http://www.afridev.org/RePEc/agd/agd-wpaper/Does-Globalization-Promote-Good-Governance-in-Africa.pdf},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-07-15},
abstract = {This study investigates the effect of globalisation on governance in 51 African countries for the period 1996-2011. Four bundled governance indicators and four globalisation (political, economic, social and general) variables are used. The empirical evidence is based on Instrumental Variable Quantile Regressions. The motivation for the estimation technique is that blanket governance-globalisation policies are not likely to succeed unless they are contingent on initial levels of governance and tailored differently across countries with low, intermediate and high levels of governance. The following findings are established. First, globalisation promotes good governance. Second, for the most part, the effect of globalisation is higher in terms of magnitude in the bottom quantiles of the political, institutional and general governance distributions. Third, the impact of globalisation is overwhelmingly higher in terms of magnitude in the top quantiles of the economic governance distribution.},
keywords = {Africa; Governance; Globalization},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {unpublished}
}

@article{Asongu,2017,
title = {ICT, Information Asymmetry and Market Power in African Banking Industry},
author = {Simplice Asongu, Nicholas Biekpe},
url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0275531917303185},
doi = {10.1016/j.ribaf.2017.07.121},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-07-13},
journal = {Research in International Business and Finance},
abstract = {This study assesses how market power in the African banking industry is affected by the complementarity between information sharing offices and information and communication technology (ICT). The empirical evidence is based on a panel of 162 banks consisting of 42 countries for the period 2001-2011. Four estimation techniques are employed, namely: (i) instrumental variable Fixed effects to control for the unobserved heterogeneity; (ii) Tobit regressions to control for the limited range in the dependent variable; and (iii) Instrumental Quantile Regressions (QR) to account for initial levels of market power. Whereas results from Fixed effects and Tobit regressions are not significant, with QR: (i) the interaction between internet penetration and public credit registries reduces market power in the 75th quartile and (ii) the interaction between mobile phone penetration and private credit bureaus increases market power in the top quintiles. Fortunately, the positive net effects are associated with negative marginal effects from the interaction between private credit bureaus and mobile phone penetration. This implies that mobile phones could complement private credit bureaus to decrease market power when certain thresholds of mobile phone penetration are attained. These thresholds are computed and discussed.},
keywords = {Financial access; Information asymmetry; ICT},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@article{Asongu,2017,
title = {When is Foreign Aid Effective in Fighting Terrorism? Threshold Evidence},
author = {Asongu, S. A., & Ssozi, J},
url = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/10168737.2017.1350731},
doi = {10.1080/10168737.2017.1350731},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-07-13},
journal = {International Economic Journal},
abstract = {Building on the previous literature, we assess when foreign aid is effective in fighting terrorism using quantile regressions on a panel of 78 developing countries for the period 1984–2008. Bilateral, multilateral and total aid indicators are used whereas terrorism includes: domestic, transnational, unclear and total terrorism dynamics. We consistently establish that foreign aid (bilateral, multilateral and total) is effective at fighting terrorism exclusively in countries where existing levels of transnational terrorism are highest. This finding is consistent with our theoretical underpinnings because donors have been documented to allocate more aid towards fighting transnational terrorist activities in recipient countries because they are more likely to target their interests. Moreover, the propensity of donor interest at stake is likely to increase with initial levels of transnational terrorism, such that the effect of foreign aid is most significant in recipient countries with the highest levels of transnational terrorism. Policy implications and future research directions are discussed.},
keywords = {Foreign aid, Quantile regression, terrorism},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@unpublished{Asongu,2017,
title = {Mobile Phone Innovation and Environmental Sustainability in Sub-Saharan Africa},
author = {Simplice Asongu, Nwachukwu Jacinta },
url = {http://www.afridev.org/RePEc/agd/agd-wpaper/Mobile-Phone-Innovation-and-Environmental-Sustainability-in-Sub-Saharan-Africa.pdf},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-07-11},
abstract = {This study investigates how the mobile phone can complement knowledge diffusion in order to influence CO2 emissions in 44 Sub-Saharan African countries for the period 2000-2012. The empirical evidence is based on Generalised Method of Moments. Three knowledge diffusion variables representing three of the four pillars of the World Bank’s Knowledge Economy Index are employed: educational quality, information and communication technology (ICT) and scientific output. Six CO2 emission variables are used, namely: CO2 per capita, CO2 from electricity and heat, CO2 from liquid fuel, CO2 from manufacturing and construction, CO2 from transport and CO2 intensity. In the assessments, a decreasing tendency in these variables translates into positive conditions for environmental sustainability. Based on net effect from complementarities, the following findings are established. First, the mobile phone complements education to have a net negative effect on CO2 emissions per capita and CO2 emissions from the consumption of liquid fuel. Second, where some positive net effects of knowledge diffusion are apparent, corresponding marginal effects are negative. Corresponding mobile phone penetration thresholds at which the positive net effects on CO2 emissions can be dampened and reversed are largely within policy range. Practical and theoretical implications are discussed.},
keywords = {CO2 emissions; ICT; Economic development; Africa},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {unpublished}
}

@article{Asongu,2017,
title = {Information Asymmetry and Conditional Financial Sector Development},
author = {Asongu, S. A, Nwachukwu, J. C },
url = {http://www.afridev.org/RePEc/agd/agd-wpaper/Information-Asymmetry-and-Conditional-Financial-Sector-Development.pdf},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-07-11},
keywords = {Information sharing; Banking development; Africa},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}