@unpublished{Asongu,2020,
title = {Remittances and Financial Development in Africa},
author = {Ibrahim A. Adekunle, Sheriffdeen A. Tella, Kolawole Subair, Soliu B. Adegboyega},
url = {http://www.afridev.org/RePEc/agd/agd-wpaper/Remittances-and-Financial-Development-in-Africa.pdf},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-10-29},
abstract = {Despite the magnitude of remittances as an alternative source of investment financing in Africa, the financial sector in Africa has significantly remained underdeveloped and unstable. Finding a solution to Africa's financial deregulation problems has proved tenacious partly because of inadequate literature that explain the nature of Africa capital and financial markets which has shown to be unorganised, spatially fragmented, highly segmented and invariably externally dependent. We examine the structural linkages between remittances and financial sector development in Africa. Panel data on indices of remittances was regressed on indices of financial sector development in fifty-three (53) African countries from 1986 through 2017 using the Pooled Mean Group (PMG) estimation procedure. We accounted for cross-sectional dependence inherent in ordinary panel estimation and found a basis for the strict orthogonal relationship among the variables. Findings revealed a positive long-run relationship between remittances and financial development with a significant (positive) short-run relationship. It is suggested that, while attracting migrants' transfers which can have significant short-run poverty-alleviating advantages, in the long run, it might be more beneficial for African governments to foster financial sector development using alternative financial development strategies.},
keywords = {Financial Development, Remittance},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {unpublished}
}

@article{Asongu,2020,
title = {Financial Crisis, Globalisation and Development in Africa},
author = {Asongu, S. A., Nnanna, J., },
url = {https://journals.sagepub.com/eprint/G4FIRTG8TGNCUYWWBPAQ/full},
doi = {10.1177/0015732520961313},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-10-28},
journal = {Foreign Trade Review},
abstract = {This study unites two streams of research by simultaneously focusing on the impact of financial globalisation on financial development and pre- and post-crisis dynamics of the investigated relationship. The empirical evidence is based on 53 African countries for the period 2004–2011 and Generalised Method of Moments. The following findings are established. First, whereas marginal effects from financial globalisation are positive on financial dynamics of activity and size, corresponding net effects (positive thresholds) are negative (within range). Second, while decreasing financial globalisation returns are apparent for financial dynamics of depth and efficiency, corresponding net effects (negative thresholds) are positive (not within range). Third, financial development dynamics are more weakly stationary and strongly convergent in the pre-crisis period. Fourth, the net effect from the: pre-crisis period is lower on money supply and banking system efficiency; post-crisis period is positive on financial system efficiency and pre-crisis period is positive on financial size.},
keywords = {Financial Crisis, Globalisation},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@unpublished{Asongu,2020,
title = {On the search for environmental sustainability in Africa: the role of governance},
author = {Ibrahim A. Adekunle},
url = {http://www.afridev.org/RePEc/agd/agd-wpaper/On-the-search-for-environmental-sustainability-in-Africa-the-role-of-governance.pdf},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-10-28},
abstract = {Africa remains the most affected by environmental degradation, thereby exacerbating the negative effect of climate change in the region. Little empirical credence has been leaned to the institutions-environmental sustainability relationship in Africa. This omission in the literature of environmental sustainability is abysmal, considering the role of institutions and government in ecological preservation. To inform policy and research on the subject matter, we estimated a balanced panel data of the indices of good governance and strong institutions to explain transformation to environmental sustainability using the dynamic system generalised method of moment estimator from 1996 through 2017. Findings suggested a positive relationship between the rule of law and regulatory quality and transformation to environmental sustainability. An inverse relationship between government effectiveness and environmental sustainability was established. We recommended concerted effort at an institutional level such that policy and punishment for violation of greenhouse strategies will be optimum.},
keywords = {environment, governance, Institutions},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {unpublished}
}

@unpublished{Asongu,2020,
title = {Doing Business Report and Real Estate Transfers: Far Better with Legal Controls and Notarial Guarantee. Legal Empowerment is a Key Factor at Global Level, Especially in Developing Economies of Africa, Asia and Latin America},
author = {Antonio Cappiello},
url = {http://www.afridev.org/RePEc/agd/agd-wpaper/Doing-Business-Report-and-Real-Estate-Transfers.pdf},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-10-28},
abstract = {In the last years, the Doing Business (DB) Project of the World Bank - recommending reforms aiming at removing obstacles that may produce increase of time, cost and procedures - had a significant influence on policies making. A recent DB research note (2019) also proposed to make optional use of professionals (including notaries) in operations such as real estate transfer in order to increase the efficiency of the country system. Nevertheless, the aggregate assessment focusing on the data of the 190 economies analysed by DB Registering property indicator and sub-indicators (synthetic RP indicators as well as all sub-indicators), shows that countries using notaries in the real estate transactions are the most efficient. Since the evidence emerging from DB data shows that the control of the State delegates produces (besides legal security and reliability) better efficiency, the overall logic of DB global reforms in the property transfer may be reconsidered. As an alternative to the tout court idea of eliminating every kind of intermediation, it would be reasonable to consider the tangible empirical effects produced by a system and to involve State officers in establishing best strategy for efficiency, keeping at the same time the guarantee for the society and the vulnerable agents.},
keywords = {: doing business, professional services},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {unpublished}
}

@unpublished{Asongu,2020,
title = {Finance, Institutions and Private Investment in Africa},
author = {Simplice A. Asongu, Joseph Nnanna, Vanessa S. Tchamyou,},
url = {http://www.afridev.org/RePEc/agd/agd-wpaper/Finance-Institutions-and-Private-Investment-in-Africa.pdf},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-10-28},
abstract = {The study extends the debate on finance versus institutions and measurement of property rights institutions. We assess the relationships between various components of property rights institutions and private investment, notably: political, economic and institutional governances. Comparative concurrent relationships of financial dynamics of depth, efficiency, activity and size are also investigated. The findings provide support for the quality of institutions as a better positive correlate of private investment than financial intermediary development. The interaction of finance and governance is not significant in potentially promoting private investment, perhaps due to substantially documented surplus liquidity issues in African financial institutions. The empirical evidence is based on 53 African countries for the period 1996-2010. Policy measures are discussed for reducing financial deposits, increasing financial activity and hence, improving financial efficiency.},
keywords = {Finance; Institutions; Investment},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {unpublished}
}

@article{Asongu,2020,
title = {Enhancing governance for environmental sustainability in sub-Saharan Africa},
author = {Simplice A Asongu, Nicholas M Odhiambo},
url = {https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/0144598719900657},
doi = {10.1177/0144598719900657},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-10-26},
journal = {Energy Exploration and Exploitation},
abstract = {This study assesses whether improving governance standards affects environmental quality in 44 countries in sub-Saharan Africa for the period 2000–2012. The empirical evidence is based on generalized method of moments. Bundled and unbundled governance dynamics are used, notably: (i) political governance (consisting of political stability and “voice and accountability”); (ii) economic governance (entailing government effectiveness and regulation quality), (iii) institutional governance (represented by the rule of law and corruption-control); and (iv) general governance (encompassing political, economic, and institutional governance dynamics). The following hypotheses are tested: (i) Hypothesis 1 (improving political governance is negatively related to carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions); (ii) Hypothesis 2 (increasing economic governance is negatively related to CO2 emissions); and (iii) Hypothesis 3 (enhancing institutional governance is negatively related to CO2 emissions). Results of the tested hypotheses show that the validity of Hypothesis 3 cannot be determined based on the results; Hypothesis 2 is not valid, while Hypothesis 1 is partially not valid. The main policy implication is that governance standards need to be further improved in order for government quality to generate the expected unfavorable effects on CO2 emissions.},
keywords = {environment, governance},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@unpublished{Asongu,2020,
title = {Inequality and Female Labour Force Participation in West Africa},
author = {Chimere O. Iheonu, Ozoemena S. Nwodo, Uchechi S. Anaduaka, Ugochinyere Ekpo},
url = {http://www.afridev.org/RePEc/agd/agd-wpaper/Inequality-and-Female-Labour-Force-Participation-in-West-Africa.pdf},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-10-21},
abstract = {This study examined the impact of income inequality on female labour force participation in West Africa for the period 2004 to 2016. The study employed the Gini coefficient, the Atkinson index and the Palma ratio as measures of income inequality. For robustness, the study also utilises female employment and female unemployment as measures of female labour force participation. The study employed the instrumental variable fixed effects model with Driscoll and Kraay standard errors to account for simultaneity/reverse causality, serial correlation, groupwise heteroskedasticity and cross-sectional dependence. The empirical results reveal that the three measures of income inequality significantly reduce the participation of women in the labour force in West Africa. The study also revealed that domestic credit, remittances and female education are positively associated with female labour force participation in the sub region. Further findings reveal that economic development reduces the participation of women in the labour force in West Africa with the U-shaped feminization theory not valid for the West African region. The study however revealed an inverted U-shaped relationship between inequality and female unemployment. Policy recommendations based on these findings are discussed.},
keywords = {Female Labour, Inequality},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {unpublished}
}

@unpublished{Asongu,2020,
title = {The role of governance in quality education in sub-Saharan Africa},
author = {Simplice A. Asongu, Nicholas M. Odhiambo},
url = {http://www.afridev.org/RePEc/agd/agd-wpaper/The-role-of-governance-in-quality-education-in-sub-Saharan-Africa.pdf},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-10-21},
abstract = {This paper examines the governance-“education quality” nexus in a panel of 49 sub-Saharan African countries over the period 2000-2012. Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) and Quantile regression (QR) are employed as estimation strategies. The following findings are established. First, from the OLS, governance variables are negatively correlated with poor education quality. Second, with regards to QR, about half of the governance dynamics are not significantly correlated with poor education quality in the lowest quantile of poor education quality. With the exception of corruption-control, the other governance dynamics are negatively correlated with poor education quality in a non-monotonic pattern.},
keywords = {Education; Governance},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {unpublished}
}

@unpublished{Asongu,2020,
title = {Global health care infrastructure and Africa in times of Covid-19: insights for sustainable development and future pandemics},
author = {Samba Diop, Simplice A. Asongu },
url = {http://www.afridev.org/RePEc/agd/agd-wpaper/Global-health-care-infrastructure-and-Africa-in-times-of-Covid-19.pdf},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-10-20},
abstract = {This exploratory study aims to assess Africa’s lagging position in global heath in relation to some health care infrastructure before critically examining the situation of Africa in the light of pressing Covid-19 healthcare infrastructural needs in terms of number of hospital beds, intensive care units (ICU) beds and ventilators per 100 000 people. A comparative analysis is provided to showcase which regions are leading in the health facilities in the world in general and Africa in particular as well as countries that are lagging in the attendant healthcare facilities. Analytical insights are provided to illustrate that the Covid-19 pandemic has revealed how Africa cannot reach most Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), especially SDG-3 on health and wellbeing. Moreover, corresponding inferences suggest that the continent is unprepared for future pandemics in terms of health facilities.},
keywords = {Novel coronavirus, Socio-economic effects},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {unpublished}
}

@unpublished{Asongu,2020,
title = {Health Vulnerability versus Economic Resilience to the Covid-19 pandemic: Global Evidence},
author = {Simplice A. Asongu, Samba Diop, Joseph Nnanna
},
url = {http://www.afridev.org/RePEc/agd/agd-wpaper/Health-Vulnerability-versus-Economic-Resilience-to-the-Covid-19-pandemic.pdf},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-10-20},
abstract = {The purpose of this study is to understand how countries have leveraged on their economic resilience to fight the Covid-19 pandemic. The focus is on a global sample of 150 countries divided into four main regions, namely: Africa, Asia-Pacific and the Middle East, America and Europe. The study develops a health vulnerability index (HVI) and leverages on an existing economic resilience index (ERI) to provide four main scenarios from which to understand the problem statement, namely: ‘low HVI-low ERI’, ‘high HVI-low ERI’, ‘high HVI-high ERI’ and ‘low HVI-high ERI’ quadrants. It is assumed that countries that have robustly fought the pandemic are those in the ‘low HVI-high ERI’ quadrant and to a less extent, countries in the ‘low HVI-low ERI’ quadrant. Most European countries, one African country (i.e. Rwanda), four Asian countries (Japan, China, South Korea and Thailand) and six American countries (USA, Canada, Uruguay, Panama, Argentina and Costa Rica) are apparent in the ideal quadrant.},
keywords = {health vulnerability, Novel coronavirus},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {unpublished}
}