@unpublished{Asongu_478,
author = {Nwachukwu J C Asongu S. A},
url = {http://www.afridev.org/RePEc/agd/agd-wpaper/Human-development-mobile-banking-and-inclusive-development.pdf},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-03-19},
abstract = {We assess the correlations between mobile banking and inclusive development (poverty and inequality) in 93 developing countries for the year 2011. Mobile banking entails: ‘mobile phones used to pay bills’ and ‘mobile phones used to receive/send money’, while the modifying policy indicator is the human development index (HDI). The data is decomposed into seven sub-panels based on two fundamental characteristics, namely: regions (Latin America, Asia and Pacific, Central and Eastern Europe, and Middle East and North Africa) and income levels (upper middle income, lower middle income and low income). Our results show that at certain thresholds of the HDI, mobile banking is positively linked to inclusive development. The following specific findings are established. First, the increased use of mobile phones to pay bills is negatively correlated with: (i) poverty in lower-middle-income countries (LMIC), upper-middle-income countries (UMIC) and Latin American countries (LA), respectively at HDI thresholds of 0.725, 0.727 and 0.778 and; (ii) inequality in UMIC and LA with HDI thresholds of respectively 0.646 and 0.761. Second, the increased use of mobile phones to send/receive money is negatively correlated with: (i) poverty in LMIC, UMIC and Central and Eastern European countries (CEE) with corresponding HDI thresholds of 0.631, 0.750 and 0.750 and (ii) inequality in UMIC, CEE and LA at HDI thresholds of 0.665, 0.736 and 0.726 respectively. The findings are discussed in the light of current policy challenges in the transition from Millennium Development Goals to Sustainable Development Goals. We have exploited the only macroeconomic data on mobile banking currently available.},
keywords = {Inequality, Mobile banking, Poverty, quality of growth},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {unpublished}
}

@unpublished{Asongu_479,
author = {Jacinta Nwachukwu C Simplice A. Asongu},
url = {http://www.afridev.org/RePEc/agd/agd-wpaper/A-summary-of-a-survey-on-proposed-African-monetary-unions.pdf},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-03-19},
abstract = {This review summarises a survey of about 70 empirical studies on proposed African monetary unions published during the past fifteen years. Four main strands are outlined in four tables. They include the: (i) West African Monetary Zone (WAMZ), (ii) East African Monetary Union (EAMU), (iii) Southern African Monetary Union (SAMU) and (iv) African Monetary Union (AMU). A number of concerns are apparent from the feasibility and/or desirability of potential monetary unions. They are variations in: empirical strategies, selection of variables, considered periodicities and sampled countries. The Hegelian dialectics are used to establish selective expansion as the predominant mode of monetary integration. Some studies make the case for strong institutions and pegs as alternatives to currency unions. The employment of cluster analysis, distinguishing shocks from responses in the examination of business cycle synchronisation and the disaggregation of panels into sub-samples provide more subtle policy implications.},
keywords = {Currency Area; Policy Coordination; Africa},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {unpublished}
}

@unpublished{Asongu_480,
author = {Nwachukwu J C Asongu S. A},
url = {http://www.afridev.org/RePEc/agd/agd-wpaper/Recent-finance-advances-in-information-technology-for-inclusive-development.pdf},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-03-19},
abstract = {The overarching question tackled in this paper is: to what degree has financial development contributed to providing opportunities of human development for those on low-incomes and by what information technology mechanisms? We survey about 180 recently published papers to provide recent information technology advances in finance for inclusive development. Retained financial innovations are structured along three themes. They are: (i) the rural-urban divide, (ii) women empowerment and (iii) human capital in terms of skills and training. The financial instruments are articulated with case studies, innovations and investment strategies with particular emphasis, inter alia on: informal finance, microfinance, mobile banking, crowd funding, microinsurance, Islamic finance, remittances, Payment for Environmental Services (PES) and the Diaspora Investment in Agriculture (DIA) initiative.},
keywords = {Finance; Inclusive growth; Economic development},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {unpublished}
}

@unpublished{Asongu_482,
author = {Simplice A Asongu},
url = {http://www.afridev.org/RePEc/agd/agd-wpaper/A-Survey-on-Inequality-Adjusted-Human-Development-in-Africa.pdf},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-03-13},
abstract = {The survey puts some structure on recent empirical studies from the African Governance and Development institute (AGDI) on inclusive development published between 2016 and 2017 for the most part. The emphasis is exclusively on the inequality adjusted human development index (IHDI) because of the sparse scholarly literature on the indicator which was first published in 2010. The review provides relationships between the IHDI and inter alia: foreign aid, globalisation, information and communication technology, business dynamics and knowledge economy, software piracy, finance, health worker migration and the feasibility of common cross-country policies aimed at improving the IHDI. The survey is of policy relevance because inclusive human development is fundamental to Africa’s growth agenda in the post-2015 sustainable development era.},
keywords = {Inclusive human development; Africa},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {unpublished}
}

@unpublished{Asongu_483,
author = {Akhenaton Izu-Makongo Oasis Kodila-Tedika},
url = {http://www.afridev.org/RePEc/agd/agd-wpaper/Croissance-pro-pauvres-en-RDC.pdf},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-03-13},
abstract = {The survey puts some structure on recent empirical studies from the African Governance and Development institute (AGDI) on inclusive development published between 2016 and 2017 for the most part. The emphasis is exclusively on the inequality adjusted human development index (IHDI) because of the sparse scholarly literature on the indicator which was first published in 2010. The review provides relationships between the IHDI and inter alia: foreign aid, globalisation, information and communication technology, business dynamics and knowledge economy, software piracy, finance, health worker migration and the feasibility of common cross-country policies aimed at improving the IHDI. The survey is of policy relevance because inclusive human development is fundamental to Africa’s growth agenda in the post-2015 sustainable development era.},
keywords = {croissance, inégalité, pauvreté, RD Congo, revenu},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {unpublished}
}

@unpublished{Asongu_484,
author = {Nwachukwu J C Asongu S. A},
url = {http://www.afridev.org/RePEc/agd/agd-wpaper/Financial-Sector-Development-Information-Sharing-and-Financial-Access.pdf},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-03-13},
abstract = {This study assesses the role of information sharing in financialization (or coexistence of financial sub-systems) for financial access. The empirical evidence is based on contemporary and non-contemporary Fixed Effects and Quantile regressions on 53 African countries for the period 2004-2011. The positive complementarity of information sharing offices (ISOs) and financial formalization is an increasing function of financial activity (or access to credit) whereas the negative complementarity of ISOs and financial informalization is a decreasing function of financial activity. In order to leverage on the synergy between ISO and financial formalization for enhanced financial access, some policy measures are proposed.},
keywords = {Information Asymmetry; Financialization; Financial Access},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {unpublished}
}

@unpublished{Asongu_485,
author = {Nwachukwu J C Asongu S. A},
url = {http://www.afridev.org/RePEc/agd/agd-wpaper/ICT-Financial-Sector-Development-and-Financial-Access.pdf},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-03-13},
abstract = {This study assesses the role of ICT (internet and mobile phone penetration) in complementing financial sector development (financial formalization and informalization) for financial access. The empirical evidence is based on Generalised Method of Moments with 53 African countries for the period 2004-2011. The following findings are established from linkages between ICT, financial sector development and financial activity. First, the interaction between ICT and financial formalization (informalization) decreases (increases) financial activity. Second, with regards to net effects, the expected signs are established for the most part. In spite of the negative marginal effects from financial informalization, the overall net effects are positive. Third, the potentially appealing interaction between ICT and informalization produces positive thresholds that are within ranges. Policy implications are discussed in three main strands. They include implications for (i) mobile/internet banking; (ii) a quiet life and (iii) ICT in reducing information asymmetry and surplus liquidity.},
keywords = {Allocation efficiency; Financial sector development; ICT},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {unpublished}
}

@unpublished{Asongu_487,
author = {Riccardo Pelizzo},
url = {http://www.afridev.org/RePEc/agd/agd-wpaper/Democracy-and-governance2.pdf},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-02-26},
abstract = {The purpose of the paper is to show that the nature of the relationship between governance and democracy varies depending on how the two terms (of a political discourse) are defined, that when the definition of one term encompasses distinctive features of the other we find that governance and democracy are not just mutually reinforcing but even overlapping, that only when we distinguish on theoretical ground governance from democracy we create the basis for analyzing their relationship on empirical grounds exactly as Fukuyama had suggested.},
keywords = {Democracy, good governance, governance, government},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {unpublished}
}