@workingpaper{Amavilah2014,
title = {Globalization, Peace & Stability, Governance, and Knowledge Economy},
author = {Simplice Asongu & Antonio Andrés A R Voxi Amavilah},
editor = {African 2014 Governance and Development Institute WP/14/012},
url = {http://www.afridev.org/RePEc/agd/agd-wpaper/Globalisation-peace-and-stability-governance-and-knowledge-economy.pdf},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-08-01},
abstract = {A previous analysis of the impact of formal institutions on the knowledge economy of 22 MiddleEastern
and Sub-Sahara African countries during the 1996-2010 time period concluded that formal
institutions were necessary, but inadequate, determinants of the knowledge economy. To extend
that study, this paper claims that globalization induces peace and stability, which affects
governance and through governance the knowledge economy. The claim addresses one weakness
of previous research that did not consider the effects on the knowledge economy of globalization.
We model the proposition as a three-stage process in four hypotheses, and estimate each
hypothesis using robust estimators that are capable of dealing with the usual statistical problems
without sacrificing economic relevance and significance. The results indicate that globalization
has varying effects on peace and stability, and peace and stability affect governance differently
depending on what kind of globalization induces it. For instance, the effects on governance
induced by globalization defined as trade are stronger than those resulting from globalization
taken to be foreign direct investment. Hence, we conclude that foreign direct investment is not a
powerful mechanism for stimulating and sustaining the knowledge economy in our sample of
countries. However, since globalization-induced peace and stability have both positive and
negative effects on governance simultaneously, we also conclude that while the prospect for
knowledge economy in African countries is dim, it is still realistic and attainable as long as these
countries continue to engage in the kind of globalization that does indeed induce peace and
stability. We further conclude that there is a need for a sharper focus on economic and institutional
governance than on general governance as one possible extension of this paper.},
keywords = {Globalisation; Peace and Stability; Governance; Knowledge Economy},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {workingpaper}
}

@workingpaper{Asongu2014bk,
title = {A Development Consensus reconciling the Beijing Model and Washington Consensus: Views and Agenda},
author = {Simplice A Asongu},
editor = {African 2014 Governance and Development Institute WP/14/013},
url = {http://www.afridev.org/RePEc/agd/agd-wpaper/A-development-consensus-reconciling-the-Beijing-model-and-Washington-consensus.-Views-and-agenda.pdf},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-08-01},
abstract = {Reconciling the two dominant development models of the Washington Consensus
(WC) and Beijing Model (BM) remains a critical challenge in the literature. The challenge is
even more demanding when emerging development paradigms like the Liberal Institutional
Pluralism (LIP) and New Structural Economics (NSE) schools have to be integrated. While
the latter has recognized both State and market failures but failed to provide a unified theory,
the former has left the challenging concern of how institutional diversity matter in the
development process. We synthesize perspectives from over 150 recently published papers on
development and Sino-African relations in order to present the relevance of both the WC and
BM in the long-term and short-run respectively. While the paper provides a unified theory by
reconciling the WC and the BM to complement the NSE, it at the same time presents a case
for economic rights and political rights as short-run and long-run development priorities
respectively. By reconciling the WC with the BM, the study contributes at the same to
macroeconomic NSE literature of unifying a development theory and to the LIP literature on
institutional preferences with stages of development. Hence, the proposed reconciliation takes
into account the structural and institutional realities of nations at difference stages of the
process of development.},
keywords = {Economic thought; Development; Beijing model; Washington Consensus; Africa},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {workingpaper}
}

@workingpaper{Asongu2014bl,
title = {Knowledge Economy Gaps, Policy Syndromes and Catch-up Strategies: Fresh South Korean Lessons to Africa},
author = {Simplice A Asongu},
editor = {African 2014 Governance and Development Institute WP/14/04},
url = {http://www.afridev.org/RePEc/agd/agd-wpaper/Knowledge-economy-gaps-policy-syndromes-and-catch-up-strategies-fresh-South-Korean-Lessons-to-Africa.pdf},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-08-01},
abstract = {Africa’s overall knowledge index fell between 2000 and 2009. South Korea’s economic miracle
is largely due to a knowledge-based development strategy that holds valuable lessons for African
countries in their current pursuit towards knowledge economies. Using updated data (1996-2010),
this paper presents fresh South Korean lessons to Africa by assessing the knowledge economy
(KE) gaps, deriving policy syndromes and providing catch-up strategies. The 53 African frontier
countries are decomposed into fundamental characteristics of wealth, legal origins, regional
proximity, oil-exporting, political stability and landlockedness. The World Bank’s four KE
components are used: education, innovation, information & communication technology (ICT)
and economic incentives & institutional regime. Absolute beta and sigma convergence techniques
are employed as empirical strategies. With the exception of ICT for which catch-up is not very
apparent, in increasing order it is visible in: innovation, economic incentives, education and
institutional regime. The speed of catch-up varies between 8.66% and 30.00% per annum with
respective time to full or 100% catch-up of 34.64 years and 10 years. Based on the trends and
dynamics in the KE gaps, policy syndromes and compelling catch-up strategies are discussed.
Issues standing on the way to KE in Africa are dissected with great acuteness before South
Korean relevant solutions are provided. The paper is original in its provision of practical policy
initiatives drawn from the Korean experience to African countries embarking on a transition to
KE.},
keywords = {Knowledge economy; Catch-up; South Korea; Africa},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {workingpaper}
}

@workingpaper{Asongu2014bm,
title = {Software piracy and scientific publications: knowledge economy evidence from Africa},
author = {Simplice A Asongu},
editor = {African 2014 Governance and Development Institute WP/18/14},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-08-01},
abstract = {This paper is an extension of the debate on the nexus between the strength of IPRs and
prospects for knowledge economy. It assesses the relationships between software piracy and
scientific publications in African countries for which data is available. The findings which
reveal a positive nexus are broadly consistent with the school of thought postulating that, the
East Asian miracle has been largely due to weaker IPRs regimes at the early stages of
development. As a policy implication, less stringent IPRs regimes on scientific-related
software (at least in the short-run) will substantially boost contributions to and dissemination
of knowledge through scientific and technical publications in Africa. IPRs laws (treaties) on
scientific-oriented software should be strengthened in tandem with progress in: scientific and
technical publications and; knowledge spillovers essential for economic growth and
development. More policy implications are discussed.},
keywords = {Publications; Piracy; Intellectual property rights; Governance; Africa},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {workingpaper}
}

@workingpaper{Asongu2014bn,
title = {The questionable economics of development assistance in Africa: hot-fresh evidence, 1996-2010},
author = {Simplice A Asongu},
editor = {African 2014 Governance and Development Institute WP/20/14},
url = {http://www.afridev.org/RePEc/agd/agd-wpaper/The-questionable-economics-of-development-assistance-in-Africa,hot-fresh-evidence,1996-2010.pdf},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-08-01},
abstract = {This paper assesses the aid-development nexus in 52 African countries using updated
data (1996-2010) and a new indicator of human development (adjusted for inequality). The
effects of Total Net Official Development Assistance (NODA), NODA from the Development
Assistance Committee (DAC) and NODA from Multilateral donors on economic prosperity (at
national and per capita levels) are also examined. The findings broadly indicate that development
assistance is detrimental to GDP growth, GDP per capita growth and inequality adjusted human
development. The magnitude of negativity (which is consistent across specifications and
development dynamics) is highest for NODA from Multilateral donors, followed by NODA from
DAC countries. Given concerns on the achievement of the MDGs, the relevance of these results
point to the deficiency of foreign aid as a sustainable cure to poverty in Africa. Though the stated
intents or purposes of aid are socio-economic, the actual impact from the findings negates this. It
is a momentous epoque to solve the second tragedy of foreign aid; it is high time economists and
policy makers start rethinking the models and theories on which foreign aid is based. In the
meantime, it is up to people who care about the poor to hold aid agencies accountable for
piecemeal results. Policy implications and caveats are discussed.},
keywords = {Foreign Aid; Political Economy; Development; Africa},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {workingpaper}
}

@workingpaper{Asongu2014bo,
title = {Taxation, foreign aid and political governance: figures to the facts of a celebrated literature},
author = {Simplice A Asongu},
editor = {African 2014 Governance and Development Institute WP/22/14},
url = {http://www.afridev.org/RePEc/agd/agd-wpaper/Taxation-foreign-aid-and-political-governance,.Figures-to-the-facts-of-a-celebrated-literature.pdf},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-08-01},
abstract = {This paper puts figures to the facts of Eubank (2012), a recently celebrated paper in the Journal of
Development Studies. We investigate the underpinning Somaliland-based hypothesis that foreign
aid dilutes the positive role of taxation on political governance. The assessment is based on 53
African countries for the period 1996-2010. For more policy options, the dataset is disaggregated
into fundamental characteristics of African development based on income-levels, legal origins,
natural resources and landlockeness. While the Eubank hypothesis is invalid in baseline Africa,
low-income and English common law countries of the continent, we cannot conclude on its
validity for other fundamental characteristics of development. Policy implications, caveats and
future directions are discussed.},
keywords = {Foreign Aid; Political Economy; Development; Africa},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {workingpaper}
}

@workingpaper{Ssozi2014,
title = {The Effects of Remittances on Output per Worker in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Production Function Approach},
author = {Simplice Asongu A John Ssozi},
editor = {African 2014 Governance and Development Institute WP/27/14},
url = {http://www.afridev.org/RePEc/agd/agd-wpaper/The-Effects-of-Remittances-on-Output-per-Worker-in-Sub-Saharan-Africa(1).pdf},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-08-01},
abstract = {This paper uses a production function to examine the channels through which remittances affect
output per worker in 31 Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) countries from 1980-2010. We find that
remittances directly increase output per worker if complemented with education. The indirect
effects vary with the economic characteristics of the recipient nations: while remittances have
increased human capital among the low-income nations, among the upper-middle-income
nations, they have mostly increased total factor productivity, but are still inversely related to
factor inputs among the lower-middle-income nations of SSA. Finally, remittances are more
effective when institutional risk is reducing.},
keywords = {output per worker, remittances, Sub-Saharan Africa, Total Factor Productivity},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {workingpaper}
}

@workingpaper{Asongu2014bp,
title = {The Role of Lifelong Learning in Political Stability and Non-violence: Evidence from Africa},
author = {Jacinta Nwachukwu C Simplice A. Asongu},
editor = {African 2014 Governance and Development Institute WP/29/14},
url = {http://www.afridev.org/RePEc/agd/agd-wpaper/The-Role-of-Lifelong-Learning-in-Political-Stability-and-Non-violence.pdf},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-08-01},
abstract = {Purpose – Education as a weapon in the fight against conflict and violence remains widely
debated in policy and academic circles. Against the background of growing political instability in
Africa and the central role of the knowledge economy in 21st century development, this paper
provides three contributions to existing literature. It assesses how political stability/ non-violence
is linked to the incremental, synergy and lifelong learning effects of education.
Design/methodology/approach – We define lifelong learning as the combined knowledge
acquired during primary, secondary and tertiary education. Principal component analysis is used
to reduce the dimensions of educational and political indicators. An endogeneity robust dynamic
system Generalized Methods of Moments is used for the estimations.
Findings – We establish three main findings. First, education is a useful weapon in the fight
against political instability. Second, there is an incremental effect of education in the transition
from secondary to tertiary schools. Third, lifelong learning also has positive and synergy effects.
This means that the impact of lifelong learning is higher than the combined independent effects
of various educational levels. The empirical evidence is based on 53 African countries for the
period 1996-2010.
Practical implications – A plethora of policy implications are discussed, inter alia: how the drive
towards increasing the knowledge economy through lifelong learning can be an effective tool in
the fight against violence and political insurgency in Africa.
Originality/value – As the continent is nursing knowledge economy ambitions, the paper is
original in investigating the determinants of political stability/non violence from three dimensions
of education attainment: the incremental, the lifelong learning and a synergy effect.},
keywords = {Lifelong learning; Stability; Development; Africa},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {workingpaper}
}