@workingpaper{Asongu2013bp,
title = {On the channels of foreign aid to corruption},
author = {Mohamed Jellal Simplice A. Asongu},
editor = {African 2013 Governance and Development Institute WP/13/018},
url = {http://www.afridev.org/RePEc/agd/agd-wpaper/On-the-channels-of-foreign-aid-to-corruption.pdf},
year = {2013},
date = {2013-06-01},
abstract = {The debate by Okada & Samreth (2012, EL) and Asongu (2012, EB; 2013, EEL) on ‘the
effect of foreign aid on corruption’ in its current state has the shortcoming of modeling
corruption as a direct effect of development assistance. This note extends the debate by
assessing the channels of foreign aid to corruption in 53 African countries for the period
1996-2010. Two main findings are established to unite the two streams of the debate. (1)
Foreign aid channeled through government’s consumption expenditure increases corruption.
(2) Development assistance channeled via private investment and tax effort decreases
corruption. It follows that foreign aid that is targeted towards reducing corruption should be
channeled via private investment and tax effort, not through government expenditure. Our
results integrate an indirect component and reconcile the debate by showing that, the effect
could either be positive or negative depending on the transmission channel.},
keywords = {Foreign Aid; Political Economy; Development; Africa},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {workingpaper}
}

@workingpaper{Andrés2013,
title = {The Impact of Formal Institutions on Knowledge Economy},
author = {Simplice Asongu & Voxi Amavilah A S H Antonio R. Andrés},
editor = {African 2013 Governance and Development Institute WP/13/025},
url = {http://www.afridev.org/RePEc/agd/agd-wpaper/The-impact-of-formal-institutions-on-knowledge-economy2.pdf},
year = {2013},
date = {2013-06-01},
abstract = {Using Kauffman, Kraay, and Mastruzzi governance indicators, this article analyzes the
impact of formal institutions on the knowledge economy- by assessing how the enforcement
of Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs) through good governance mechanisms affects the
knowledge economy. The article also employs the World Bank’s four components of the
knowledge economy index characteristic of its knowledge for development (K4D)
framework. We estimate panel data models for 22 Middle East & North African and SubSahara
African countries over the period 1996-2010. The results show that for this group of
countries the enforcement of IPR laws (treaties), although necessary, is not a sufficient
condition for a knowledge economy. The results also suggest that other factors are more likely
to determine the knowledge economies of these nations. Overall these findings have important
implications for both policy and further research.},
keywords = {Formal institutions; Knowledge economy; Panel data; Principal component analysis (PCA)},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {workingpaper}
}

@workingpaper{Asongu2013q,
title = {A brief future of Time in the monopoly of scientific knowledge},
author = {Simplice A Asongu},
editor = {African 2013 Governance and Development Institute WP/13/001},
url = {http://www.afridev.org/RePEc/agd/agd-wpaper/A-brief-future-of-Time-in-the-monopoly-of-scientific-knowledge.pdf},
year = {2013},
date = {2013-05-01},
abstract = {This seminal paper provides global empirical evidence on catch-up processes in
scientific and technical publications. Its purpose is to model the future of scientific knowledge
monopoly in order to understand whether the impressive growth experienced by latecomers in
the industry has been accompanied by a similar catch-up in scientific capabilities and
knowledge contribution. The empirical evidence is based on 41 catch-up panels which
together consist of 99 countries. The richness of the dataset allows us to disaggregate
countries into fundamental characteristics based on income-levels (high-income, lowermiddle-income,
upper-middle-income and low-income), legal-origins (English common-law,
French civil-law, German civil-law and, Scandinavian civil-law) and, regional proximity
(South Asia, Europe & Central Asia, East Asia & the Pacific, Middle East & North Africa,
Latin America & the Caribbean and, Sub-Saharan Africa). Three main issues are
investigated: the presence or not of catch-up processes, the speed of the catch-up processes
and, the time needed for full (100%) catch-up. The findings based on absolute and conditional
catch-up patterns broadly show that advanced countries will continue to dominate in scientific
knowledge contribution. Policy implications are discussed.},
keywords = {Research and Development; Catch-up},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {workingpaper}
}

@workingpaper{Asongu2013bq,
title = {The impact of mobile phone penetration on African inequality},
author = {Simplice A Asongu},
editor = {African 2013 Governance and Development Institute WP/13/021},
url = {http://www.afridev.org/RePEc/agd/agd-wpaper/The-impact-of-mobile-phone-penetration-on-African-inequality.pdf},
year = {2013},
date = {2013-05-01},
abstract = {Purpose – The aim of this paper is to complement theoretical and qualitative literature with
empirical evidence on the income-redistributive effect of mobile phone penetration in 52
African countries.
Design/methodology/approach – Robust Ordinary Least Squares and Two Stage Least
Squares empirical strategies are employed.
Findings – The findings suggest that mobile penetration is pro-poor, as it has a positive income
equality effect.
Social implications – ‘Mobile phone’-oriented poverty reduction channels are discussed.
Originality/value – It deviates from mainstream country-specific and microeconomic surveybased
approaches in the literature and provides the first macroeconomic assessment of the
‘mobile phone’-inequality nexus.},
keywords = {Mobile Phones; Shadow Economy; Poverty; Inequality; Africa},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {workingpaper}
}

@workingpaper{Asongu2013br,
title = {Trust and Prosperity: A Conditional Relationship},
author = {Oasis Kodila-Tedika Simplice A. Asongu},
editor = {African 2013 Governance and Development Institute WP/13/024},
url = {http://www.afridev.org/RePEc/agd/agd-wpaper/Trust-and-Prosperity.-A-conditional-relationship.pdf},
year = {2013},
date = {2013-05-01},
abstract = {The paper extends Breggren et al. (2008, EE) on ‘trust and growth: a shaky relationship”
by incorporating recent developments in the trust-growth literature and using a robust
methodological underpinning that accounts for the presence of outliers. The empirical evidence is
based on 63 countries. Two main findings are established. Firstly, the substantially documented
positive trust-growth nexus is broadly confirmed. Secondly, when initial levels of growth come
into play in determining the relationship, only 0.25 and 0.90 quantiles confirm the positive nexus.
The results suggest that the trust-growth nexus cannot be generalized for all countries as some
previous studies have concluded. Accordingly, trust-growth policies should be contingent on
existing levels of development and tailored differently across rich and poor countries.},
keywords = {Trust; Growth; Conditional Effects.},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {workingpaper}
}

@workingpaper{Asongu2013bs,
title = {Correcting inflation with financial dynamic fundamentals: which adjustments matter in Africa?},
author = {Simplice A Asongu},
editor = {African 2013 Governance and Development Institute WP/13/003},
url = {http://www.afridev.org/RePEc/agd/agd-wpaper/Correcting-inflation-with-financial-dynamic-fundamentals.-Which-adjustments-matter-in-Africa.pdf},
year = {2013},
date = {2013-04-01},
abstract = {This paper assesses the adjustment of inflation with financial dynamic fundamentals of
money (financial depth), credit (financial activity) and efficiency. Three main findings are
established. (1) There are significant long-run relationships between inflation and the
fundamentals. (2) The error correction mechanism is stable in all specifications but in case of
any disequilibrium, only financial depth is significant in adjusting inflation to the long-run
relationship. (3) In the long-run, short-term adjustments in the ability of banks to transform
money into credit do not matter in correcting inflation. This is most probably due to surplus
liquidity issues. Policy implications are discussed.},
keywords = {Excess money; inflation; credit; Africa},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {workingpaper}
}