PUBLICATIONS

@unpublished{Asonguk,
author = {Nicholas Odhiambo M Simplice A. Asongu},
url = {http://www.afridev.org/RePEc/agd/agd-wpaper/Trade-and-FDI-Thresholds-of-CO2-emissions-for-a-Green-Economy.pdf},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-10-17},
abstract = {This research focuses on assessing how improving openness influences CO2 emissions in Sub-Saharan Africa. It is based on 49 countries in SSA for the period 2000-2018 divided into: (i) 44 countries in SSA for the period 2000-2012; and (ii) 49 countries for the period 2006-2018. Openness is measured in terms of trade and foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows. The empirical evidence is based on the Generalised Method of Moments. The following main findings are established. First, enhancing trade openness has a net positive impact on CO2 emissions, while increasing FDI has a net negative impact. Second, the relationship between CO2 emissions and trade is a Kuznets shape, while the nexus between CO2 emissions and FDI inflows is a U-shape. Third, a minimum trade openness (imports plus exports) threshold of 100 (% of GDP) and 200 (% of GDP) is beneficial in promoting a green economy for the first and second sample, respectively. Fourth, FDI is beneficial for the green economy below critical masses of 28.571 of Net FDI inflows (% of GDP) and 33.333 of net FDI inflows (% of GDP) for first and second samples, respectively. It follows from findings that while FDI can be effectively managed to reduce CO2 emissions, this may not be the case with trade openness because the corresponding thresholds for trade openness are closer to the maximum limit. This study complements the extant literature by providing critical masses of Trade and FDI that are relevant in promoting the green economy in Sub-Saharan Africa.},
keywords = {CO2 emissions; Economic development; Africa},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {unpublished}
}

@unpublished{Asongu_93,
author = {Nicholas Odhiambo M Simplice A. Asongu},
url = {http://www.afridev.org/RePEc/agd/agd-wpaper/The-role-of-Globalization-in-CO2-emissions-for-HD.pdf},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-03-19},
abstract = {This study assesses how globalisation modulates the effect of environmental degradation on inclusive human development in 44 countries in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), using data for the period 2000 to 2012. The empirical results are based on the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM). The following main findings are established. First, a trade openness (imports + exports) threshold of between 80-120% of GDP is the maximum level required for trade openness to effectively modulate CO2 emissions (metric tonnes per capita) and induce a positive effect on inclusive human development. Second, a minimum threshold required for trade openness to modulate CO2 intensity (kg per kg of oil-equivalent energy use) and induce a positive effect on inclusive human development is 200% of GDP. Third, there is a net positive effect on inclusive human development from the relevance of trade openness in modulating the effect of CO2 emissions per capita on inclusive human development and a negative net effect on inclusive human development from the importance of trade openness in moderating the effect of CO2 intensity on inclusive human development.},
keywords = {CO2 emissions; Economic development; Africa},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {unpublished}
}

@unpublished{Asongu_185,
author = {Joseph Nnanna Simplice A. Asongu Rexon T. Nting},
url = {http://www.afridev.org/RePEc/agd/agd-wpaper/Linkages-between-Globalisation-Carbon-dioxide-emissions-and-Governance-in-SSA.pdf},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-09-02},
abstract = {This study investigates linkages between environmental degradation, globalisation and governance in 44 countries in Sub-Saharan Africa using data for the period 2000-2012. The Generalised Method of Moments is employed as empirical strategy. Environmental degradation is proxied by carbon dioxide emissions whereas globalisation is appreciated in terms of trade openness and net foreign direct investment inflows. Bundled and unbundled governance indicators are used, namely: political governance (consisting of political stability/no violence and “voice & accountability”), economic governance (encompassing government effectiveness and regulation quality), institutional governance (entailing corruption-control and the rule of law) and general governance (a composite measurement of political governance, economic governance and institutional governance). The following main finding is established. Trade openness modulates carbon dioxide emissions to have positive net effects on political stability, economic governance, the rule of law and general governance.},
keywords = {CO2 emissions; Economic development; Africa},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {unpublished}
}

@unpublished{Asongu_264,
author = {Nicholas Odhiambo M Simplice A. Asongu},
url = {http://www.afridev.org/RePEc/agd/agd-wpaper/Economic-Development-Thresholds-for-a-Green-Economy-in-Sub-Saharan-Africa.pdf},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-02-12},
abstract = {This study investigates how increasing economic development affects the green economy in terms of CO2 emissions, using data from 44 countries in the SSA for the period 2000-2012. The Generalised Method of Moments (GMM) is used for the empirical analysis. The following main findings are established. First, relative to CO2 emissions, enhancing economic growth and population growth engenders a U-shaped pattern whereas increasing inclusive human development shows a Kuznets curve. Second, increasing GDP growth beyond 25% of annual growth is unfavorable for a green economy. Third, a population growth rate of above 3.089% (i.e. annual %) has a positive effect of CO2 emissions. Fourth, an inequality-adjusted human development index (IHDI) of above 0.4969 is beneficial for a green economy because it is associated with a reduction in CO2 emissions. The established critical masses have policy relevance because they are situated within the policy ranges of adopted economic development dynamics.},
keywords = {CO2 emissions; Economic development; Africa},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {unpublished}
}

@unpublished{Asongu_265,
author = {Nicholas Odhiambo M Simplice A. Asongu},
url = {Governance, CO2 emissions and Inclusive Human Development in Sub-Saharan Africa},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-02-12},
abstract = {This study investigates the relevance of government quality in moderating the incidence of environmental degradation on inclusive human development in 44 sub-Saharan African countries for the period 2000-2012. Environmental degradation is measured with CO2 emissions and the governance dynamics include: political stability, voice and accountability, government effectiveness, regulation quality, the rule of law and corruption-control. The empirical evidence is based on the Generalised Method of Moments. Regulation quality modulates CO2 emissions to exert a net negative effect on inclusive development. Institutional governance (consisting of corruption-control and the rule of law) modulates CO2 emissions to also exert a net negative effect on inclusive human development. Fortunately, the corresponding interactive effects are positive, which indicates that good governance needs to be enhanced to achieve positive net effects. A policy threshold of institutional governance at which institutional governance completely dampens the unfavourable effect of CO2 emissions on inclusive human development is established. Other policy implications are discussed.},
keywords = {CO2 emissions; Economic development; Africa},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {unpublished}
}

@unpublished{Asongu_334,
author = {Simplice Asongu},
url = {http://www.afridev.org/RePEc/agd/agd-wpaper/CO2-emission-thresholds-for-Inclusive-development-in-SSA.pdf},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-06-20},
abstract = {We provide policy-relevant critical masses beyond which, increasing CO2 emissions negatively affects inclusive human development. This study examines how increasing CO2 emissions affects inclusive human development in 44 Sub-Saharan African countries for the period 2000-2012. The empirical evidence is based on Fixed Effects and Tobit regressions. In order to increase the policy relevance of this study, the dataset is decomposed into fundamental characteristics of inclusive development and environmental degradation based on income levels (Low income versus (vs.) Middle income); legal origins (English Common law vs. French Civil law); religious domination (Christianity vs. Islam); openness to sea (Landlocked vs. Coastal); resource-wealth (Oil-rich vs. Oil-poor) and political stability (Stable vs. Unstable). All computed thresholds are within policy range. Hence, above these thresholds, CO2 emissions negatively affect inclusive human development.},
keywords = {CO2 emissions; Economic development; Africa},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {unpublished}
}