@workingpaper{Asongu2015bl,
title = {Conditional Determinants of Mobile Phones Penetration and Mobile Banking in SubSaharan Africa},
author = {Simplice A Asongu},
editor = {African 2015 Governance and Development Institute WP/15/043},
url = {http://www.afridev.org/RePEc/agd/agd-wpaper/Conditional-Determinants-of-Mobile-Phones-Penetration-and-Mobile-Banking.pdf},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-10-01},
abstract = {Using twenty-five policy variables, we investigate determinants of mobile phone/banking in
49 Sub-Saharan African countries with data for the year 2011. The determinants are classified
into six policy categories, notably: macroeconomic, business/bank, market-related, knowledge
economy, external flows and human development. The empirical evidence is based on
contemporary and non-contemporary Quantile regressions. The following implications are
relevant to the findings. First, mobile phone penetration is positively correlated with: (i)
education, domestic savings, regulation quality and patent applications, especially at low
initial levels of mobile penetration; (ii) bank density; (iii) urban population density and (iv)
internet penetration. Second, the use of the mobile to pay bills is positively linked with: (i)
trade and internet penetration, especially in contemporary specifications and (ii) remittances
and patent applications, especially at low initial levels of the dependent variable. Third, using
the mobile to send/receive money is positively correlated with: internet penetration and
human development, especially in the contemporary specifications. Fourth, mobile banking is
positively linked with: (i) trade in contemporary specifications; (ii) remittances and patent
applications at low initial levels of the dependent variable and (iii) internet penetration and
human development, with contemporary threshold evidence. The policy implications are
articulated with incremental policy syndromes.},
keywords = {Mobile phones; Mobile banking; Development; Africa},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {workingpaper}
}

@workingpaper{Asongu2015bm,
title = {The Impact of Entrepreneurship on Knowledge Economy in Africa},
author = {Vanessa Tchamyou S Simplice A. Asongu},
editor = {African 2015 Governance and Development Institute WP/15/044},
url = {http://www.afridev.org/RePEc/agd/agd-wpaper/The-Impact-of-Entrepreneurship-on-Knowledge-Economy-in-Africa.pdf},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-10-01},
abstract = {Purpose - The paper assesses how entrepreneurship affects knowledge economy (KE) in
Africa.
Design/methodology/approach – Entrepreneurship is measured by indicators of starting,
doing and ending business. The four dimensions of the World Bank’s index of KE are
employed. Instrumental variable panel fixed effects are applied on a sampled of 53 African
countries for the period 1996-2010.
Findings –The following are some findings. First, creating an enabling environment for
starting business can substantially boost most dimensions of KE. Second, doing business
through mechanisms of trade globalisation has positive effects from sectors that are not ICT
and High-tech oriented. Third, the time required to end business has negative effects on KE.
Practical implications – Our findings confirm the narrative that the technology in African
countries at the moment may be more imitative and adaptive for reverse-engineering in ICTs and
high-tech products. Given the massive consumption of ICT and high-tech commodities in Africa,
the continent has to start thinking of how to participate in the global value chain of producing
what it consumes.
Originality/value – This paper has a twofold motivation. First, given the ambitions of African
countries of moving towards knowledge based economies, the line of inquiry is timely. Second,
investigating the nexus may have substantial poverty mitigation and sustainable development
implications. These entail inter alia: the development of technology with value-added services;
enhancement of existing agricultural practices; promotion of conditions that are essential for
competitiveness and adjustment of globalization challenges.},
keywords = {Entrepreneurship; Knowledge Economy; Development; Africa},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {workingpaper}
}

@workingpaper{Asongu2015bn,
title = {Foreign aid, education and lifelong learning in Africa},
author = {Vanessa Tchamyou S Simplice A. Asongu},
editor = {African 2015 Governance and Development Institute WP/15/047},
url = {http://www.afridev.org/RePEc/agd/agd-wpaper/Foreign-aid-education-and-lifelong-learning-in-Africa.pdf},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-10-01},
abstract = {This study investigates the effect of foreign aid on education and lifelong learning in 53 African
countries for the period 1996-2010. Three main issues are assessed, notably: (i) the effect of aid
on education; (ii) the incremental impact of aid on education and (iii) the effect of aid on lifelong
learning. Lifelong learning is measured as the combined knowledge acquired during the primary,
secondary and tertiary levels of education. Foreign aid dynamics include: Total aid, aid from
Multilateral Donors (MD) and aid from the Development Assistance Committee (DAC)
countries. The empirical evidence is based on an endogeneity-robust Generalized Method of
Moments. The following findings are established. First, the aid variables have positive effects on
primary school enrolment and lifelong learning, with the exception of aid from MD which
positively affects only lifelong learning. Second, the positive effect on primary school enrolment
consistently has a higher magnitude compared to the corresponding impact on lifelong learning.
Third, the effects of aid dynamics on secondary and tertiary school enrolments are not significant.
We also contribute to the literature by proposing an indicator of lifelong learning for developing},
keywords = {Lifelong learning; Foreign aid; Development; Africa},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {workingpaper}
}

@workingpaper{Kodila-Tedika2015bb,
title = {Statistics and IQ in Developing Countries: A Note},
author = {Simplice Asongu & Florentin Azia-Dimbu A Oasis Kodila-Tedika},
editor = {African 2015 Governance and Development Institute WP/15/030},
url = {http://www.afridev.org/RePEc/agd/agd-wpaper/Statistics-and-IQ-in-Developing-Countries.pdf},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-09-01},
abstract = {The purpose of this study is to assess the nexus between intelligence (or human capital) and
statistical capacity in developing countries. The line of inquiry is motivated essentially by: (i)
the scarce literature devoted to elucidating poor statistics in developing countries and (ii) an
evolving stream of literature on knowledge economy. We have established a positive
association between intelligence quotient (IQ) and statistical capacity. The relationship is: (i)
consistent with the employment of alternative specifications based on varying conditioning
information sets and (ii) robust to the control of outliers. Policy implications are discussed.},
keywords = {Statistics; Intelligence; Developing countries},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {workingpaper}
}

@workingpaper{Asongu2015bo,
title = {When is Foreign Aid Effective in Fighting Terrorism? Threshold Evidence},
author = {John Ssozi Simplice A. Asongu},
editor = {African 2015 Governance and Development Institute WP/15/031},
url = {http://www.afridev.org/RePEc/agd/agd-wpaper/When-is-Foreign-Aid-Effective-in-Fighting-Terrorism.pdf},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-09-01},
abstract = {Building on previous literature, we assess when foreign aid is effective in fighting terrorism
using quantile regressions on a panel of 78 developing countries for the period 1984-2008.
Bilteral, multilateral and total aid indicators are used whereas terrorism includes: domestic,
transnational, unclear and total terrorism dynamics. We consistently establish that foreign aid
(bilateral, multilateral and total) is effective at fighting terrorism exclusively in countries
where existing levels of transnational terrorism are highest. This finding is consistent with our
theoretical underpinnings because donors have been documented to allocate more aid towards
fighting transnational terrorist activities in recipient countries because they are more likely to
target their interests. Moreover, the propensity of donor interest at stake is likely to increase
with initial levels of transnational terrorism, such that the effect of foreign aid is most
significant in recipient countries with the highest levels of transnational terrorism. Policy
implications and future research directions are discussed.},
keywords = {Foreign aid; Terrorism; Quantile regression},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {workingpaper}
}

@workingpaper{Koomson2015,
title = {Relative Contribution of Child Labour to Household Farm and Non-Farm Income in Ghana: Simulation with Child's Education},
author = {Simplice Asongu A Isaac Koomson},
editor = {African 2015 Governance and Development Institute WP/15/032},
url = {http://www.afridev.org/RePEc/agd/agd-wpaper/Relative-Contribution-of-Child-Labour-to-Household-Farm-and-Non-Farm.pdf},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-09-01},
abstract = {Child labourers play an integral role in households’ income diversification process by
contributing to farm and non-farm incomes but policies, including that of the ILO have focused
largely on eliminating child labour from the agricultural sector through education. This study
sought to ascertain the relative contribution of child labourers to farm and non-farm income
using the GLSS6 data and employed a SUR estimation that simulated, empirically, with child’s
education. Findings showed that as a child labourer spends more time in school, every Gh₵1.00
contributed to farm income is accompanied by a Gh₵2.12 contribution towards non-farm
income. By implication, child education policy removes child labourers from the farm but are
likely to have a paradoxical effect of pushing these children into non-farm activities as they
engage in them after school and during weekends. The suggestion is that governments must
provide adequate remuneration for workers and pay a good price for agricultural products so
that households do not use children as instruments to diversity their income portfolios, since
child labour acts as a push factor in the diversification process.},
keywords = {Altruistic, Child labour, Farm income, Non-Altruistic, Non-Farm income},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {workingpaper}
}