@article{Asongu_47,
author = {Simplice A Asongu},
url = {https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13132-020-00668-8},
doi = {10.1007/s13132-020-00668-8},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-07-10},
journal = {Journal of the Knowledge Economy},
abstract = {This paper examines the joint effects of mobile phone technology, knowledge creation and diffusion on inclusive human development in 49 sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries. The empirical evidence is based on Tobit regressions for the period 2000–2012. The net effects of interactions between the mobile phone, knowledge creation and diffusion variables are positive indicating that the combined effects of these variables improve inclusive human development in SSA countries. Further analysis dividing the dataset into a number of fundamental characteristics based on economic, legal, religion and political stability associated with African economies show that mobile phone penetration and associated innovation in SSA improve inclusive human development irrespective of the country’s level of income, legal origins, religious orientation and the state of the nation. The pupil-teacher ratio exerts a negative influence on the outcome variable which is favourable for inclusive human development because higher ratios denote lower education quality since more pupils are accommodated by fewer teachers. The study contributes to innovation diffusion theory and economic development literature.},
keywords = {inclusive development, Mobile technologies},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@article{Asongu_83,
author = {Nicholas Odhiambo M Simplice A. Asongu},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/0266666920920342},
doi = {10.1177/0266666920920342},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-04-28},
journal = {Information Development},
abstract = {This study investigates the relationship between social media and inclusive human development in 49 African countries for the year 2012. Social media is measured with Facebook penetration whereas inclusive human development is proxied by the inequality- adjusted human development index. The empirical evidence is based on Ordinary Least Squares, Tobit and Quantile regressions. Ordinary Least Squares provided baseline results, Tobit regressions account for the limited range in the outcome variable while Quantile regressions are engaged to control for initial levels of inequality-adjusted human development. From Ordinary Least Squares and Tobit results, Facebook penetration is positively associated with inclusive human development. Quantile regressions confirm this positive nexus and further establish that the positive association is slightly higher in magnitude in the above-median sub-sample. From a comparative assessment, it is apparent that with the exception of the resource-wealth sub-samples, higher levels of Facebook penetration are associated with comparatively higher levels of inclusive human development. Accordingly, the positive association between Facebook penetration and inclusive human development is: (i) a positive function of income levels and (ii) more apparent in Middle East and North African countries (compared to Sub-Saharan African countries), English common law countries (compared to their French civil law counterparts), and coastal countries (in relation to landlocked countries).},
keywords = {inclusive development, Social media},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@article{Asongu_144,
author = {Nicholas Odhiambo M Simplice A. Asongu},
url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0308596119302976},
doi = {10.1016/j.telpol.2019.101900},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-11-05},
journal = {Telecommunications Policy},
abstract = {The study assesses how ICT modulates the effect of inequality on female economic participation in a panel of 42 countries in sub-Saharan Africa over the period 2004–2014. Three inequality indicators are used, namely: the Gini coefficient, the Atkinson index and the Palma ratio. The adopted ICT indicators are mobile phone penetration, internet penetration and fixed broadband subscriptions. Three gender economic inclusion indicators are also used for the analysis, namely: female labour force participation, female unemployment and female employment. The Generalised Method of Moments is employed as empirical strategy. The findings show that enhancing ICT beyond certain thresholds is necessary for ICT to mitigate inequality in order to enhance gender economic participation. First, for female labour force participation, a minimum threshold of 165.714 mobile phone penetration per 100 people is required for the Palma ratio. Second, minimum ICT thresholds for the reduction of female unemployment are: (i) 87.783, 107.486 and 152.500 mobile phone penetration per 100 people for respectively, the Gini coefficient, the Atkinson index and the Palma ratio; (ii) 39.618 internet penetration per 100 people for the Atkinson index and (iii) 4.500 fixed broadband subscritptions for the Palma ratio. Third, the corresponding ICT thresholds for the promotion of female employment are: (i) 120.369 and 85.533 mobile phone penetration per 100 people for respectively, the Gini coefficient and the Atkinson index and (ii) 30.005 internet penetration per 100 people for the Gini coefficient. The established thresholds make economic sense and can be feasibly implemented by policy makers in order to induce favourable effects on gender economic inclusion dynamics.},
keywords = {Africa, Gender, ICT, inclusive development},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@article{Asongu_191,
author = {Elda Okolo-Obasi N Simplice A. Asongu Joseph I. Uduji},
url = {https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s42413-019-00037-7},
doi = {10.1007/s42413-019-00037-7},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-08-26},
journal = {International Journal of Community Well-Being},
abstract = {This research investigates the incidence of enhancing external flows on inclusive human development in a panel of 48 countries in sub-Saharan Africa. It complements the literature by examining the relevance of enhancing three types of external flows, namely: development assistance, foreign investment and remittances. Ordinary Least Squares, Tobit, Fixed effects, Generalised Method of Moments and Quantile regressions are used as empirical strategies. The following main results are apparent: (i) between 60 and 150 (% of GDP) is the threshold of foreign aid; (ii) 33.333 (% of GDP) is the foreign investment threshold and (iii) 25 (% of GDP) is the critical mass of remittances. At the established critical masses or thresholds, external flows start having positive effects on inclusive human development. Countries characterized by inclusive development levels that are low need more investment in foreign aid for inclusive human development compared to their counterparts characterized by inclusive human development levels that are high.},
keywords = {Aid, FDI, inclusive development, remittances},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@article{Asongu_230,
author = {Nicholas Odhiambo M Simplice A. Asongu},
url = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/01488376.2019.1612821},
doi = {10.1080/01488376.2019.1612821},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-05-15},
journal = {Journal of Social Service Research},
abstract = {This study complements existing literature by assessing how various types of foreign aid complement each other in boosting inclusive human development in Africa. (a) When ‘aid to social infrastructure’ is moderated with other aid types, ‘action on debts’ is substitutive whereas ‘aid to the production sector’, ‘aid for program assistance’ and humanitarian assistance are complementary. (b) ‘Aid to the production sector’ (‘action on debt’) is complementary (substitutive) to ‘aid for economic infrastructure’. (c) Whereas ‘action on debt’ is a substitute to ‘aid to the production sector’, ‘aid for social infrastructure’ and ‘aid for economic infrastructure’ are complementary. (d) ‘Action on debt’ is a substitute for ‘aid to the multi-sector’. (e) While ‘aid for social infrastructure’ and ‘action on debt’ are substitutive to ‘aid for program assistance’; humanitarian assistance is complementary. (f) The following are substitutes to ‘action on debt’: ‘aid for economic infrastructure’, ‘aid to the production sector’, ‘aid to the multi-sector’ and ‘program assistance’. (g) ‘Aid for social infrastructure’ and ‘program assistance’ are complementary to humanitarian assistance. The findings reveal various patterns that inform policy makers on the relevance of sequencing aid types to enhance inclusive development. Future research should focus on country-specific studies.},
keywords = {Africa, Foreign aid, inclusive development},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@article{Asongu_259,
author = {Simplice A Asongu and Nicholas M Odhiambo},
url = {https://www.emeraldinsight.com/doi/full/10.1108/AJEMS-05-2018-0132},
doi = {10.1108/AJEMS-05-2018-0132},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-03-01},
journal = {African Journal of Economic and Management Studies},
volume = {10},
number = {1},
pages = {2-16},
abstract = {Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine how doing business affects inclusive human development in 48 Sub-Saharan Africa for the period 2000–2012.

Design/methodology/approach
The measurement of inclusive human development encompasses both absolute pro-poor and relative pro-poor concepts of inclusive development. Three doing business variables are used, namely: the number of start-up procedures required to register a business, time required to start a business, and time to prepare and pay taxes. The empirical evidence is based on fixed effects and generalised method of moments regressions.

Findings
The findings show that increasing constraints to the doing of business have a negative effect on inclusive human development.

Originality/value
The study is timely and very relevant to the post-2015 Sustainable Development Agenda for two fundamental reasons: first, exclusive development is a critical policy syndrome in Africa because about 50 per cent of countries in the continent did not attain the Millennium Development Goal extreme poverty target despite enjoying more than two decades of growth resurgence. Second, growth in Africa is primarily driven by large extractive industries and with the population of the continent expected to double in about 30 years, scholarship on entrepreneurship for inclusive development is very welcome. This is essentially because studies have shown that the increase in unemployment (resulting from the underlying demographic change) would be accommodated by the private sector, not the public sector.},
keywords = {Africa, Doing business, Entrepreneurship, inclusive development},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}