@workingpaper{Asongu2015bn,
title = {Foreign aid, education and lifelong learning in Africa},
author = {Vanessa Tchamyou S Simplice A. Asongu},
editor = {African 2015 Governance and Development Institute WP/15/047},
url = {http://www.afridev.org/RePEc/agd/agd-wpaper/Foreign-aid-education-and-lifelong-learning-in-Africa.pdf},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-10-01},
abstract = {This study investigates the effect of foreign aid on education and lifelong learning in 53 African
countries for the period 1996-2010. Three main issues are assessed, notably: (i) the effect of aid
on education; (ii) the incremental impact of aid on education and (iii) the effect of aid on lifelong
learning. Lifelong learning is measured as the combined knowledge acquired during the primary,
secondary and tertiary levels of education. Foreign aid dynamics include: Total aid, aid from
Multilateral Donors (MD) and aid from the Development Assistance Committee (DAC)
countries. The empirical evidence is based on an endogeneity-robust Generalized Method of
Moments. The following findings are established. First, the aid variables have positive effects on
primary school enrolment and lifelong learning, with the exception of aid from MD which
positively affects only lifelong learning. Second, the positive effect on primary school enrolment
consistently has a higher magnitude compared to the corresponding impact on lifelong learning.
Third, the effects of aid dynamics on secondary and tertiary school enrolments are not significant.
We also contribute to the literature by proposing an indicator of lifelong learning for developing},
keywords = {Lifelong learning; Foreign aid; Development; Africa},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {workingpaper}
}

@workingpaper{Asongu2015b_30,
title = {Foreign aid volatility and lifelong learning: demand-side empirics to a textual literature},
author = {Jacinta Nwachukwu C Simplice A. Asongu},
editor = {African 2015 Governance and Development Institute WP/15/016},
url = {http://www.afridev.org/RePEc/agd/agd-wpaper/Foreign-aid-volatility-and-lifelong-learning.pdf},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-05-01},
abstract = {Purpose- This paper has put a demand-side empirical structure to the hypothesis that foreign aid volatility adversely affects choices to lifelong learning in recipient countries
Design/methodology/approach- Lifelong learning is measured as the combined knowledge acquired during primary, secondary and tertiary educational enrolments. Three types of aggregate foreign aid volatilities are computed in a twofold manner: baseline standard deviations and standard errors (standard deviations of residuals after first-order autoregressive processes). An endogeneity robust dynamic system GMM empirical strategy is employed.
Findings- The findings broadly show that foreign aid volatility does not adversely affect the demand-side choices of lifelong learning in Africa.
Practical implications- As a policy implication, when faced with aid uncertainty, the demand for education would increase. This may be explained by the need for more self-reliance in order to mitigate income risks or/and the use of education as means of copping with uncertainty. Moreover, the findings indirectly confirm a stream of the literature sustaining that when faced with uncertainty in external financial flows, countries may recourse to promoting human resource development through lifelong learning and knowledge economy as a competitive advantage. This may also explain why countries which have acknowledged scarcity in external financial flows from natural resources have done relatively better compared to their natural resource-rich counterparts.
Originality/value- This paper has provided demand-side empirics to a hypothesis that could substantial influence policy making.},
keywords = {Lifelong learning; Foreign aid; Development; Africa},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {workingpaper}
}