@article{Asongu_320,
author = {Nicholas Odhiambo Simplice Asongu},
url = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/20421338.2018.1509526},
doi = {10.1080/20421338.2018.1509526},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-09-07},
journal = {African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development},
abstract = {This study assesses human development thresholds at which mobile banking mitigates poverty and inequality in 93 developing countries for the year 2011. Mobile banking entails ‘mobile used to pay bills’ and ‘mobile used to receive/send money’, while the modifying policy indicator is the human development index (HDI). The empirical evidence is based on interactive quantile regressions. A summary of the findings shows that with increasing human development: (i) ‘mobiles used to pay bills’ contribute to reducing inequality in countries at the bottom and top ends of the inequality distribution, while (ii) ‘mobiles used to receive/send money’ have an appealing role in promoting inclusive development in all poverty distributions, with the exception of the top-end or 90th decile. The modifying thresholds of the HDI vary from 0.542 to 0.632 and 0.333 to 0.705 in inequality and poverty specifications, respectively. The relevance of the findings is discussed in light of the current transition from Millennium Development Goals to Sustainable Development Goals.},
keywords = {Inequality, Mobile banking, Poverty, quality of growth},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@article{Asongu_336,
author = {Nicholas Odhiambo M Simplice A. Asongu},
url = {http://www.afridev.org/RePEc/agd/agd-wpaper/Human-development-thresholds-for-inclusive-mobile-banking-in-developing-countries.pdf},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-06-18},
abstract = {This study assesses human development thresholds at which mobile banking mitigates poverty and inequality in 93 developing countries for the year 2011. Mobile banking entails: ‘mobile used to pay bills’ and ‘mobile used to receive/send money’, while the modifying policy indicator is the human development index (HDI). The empirical evidence is based on interactive quantile regressions. A summary of the findings shows that with increasing human development: (i) ‘mobiles used to pay bills’ contribute to reducing inequality in countries at the bottom and top ends of the inequality distribution, while (ii) ‘mobiles used to receive/send money’ have an appealing role in promoting inclusive development in all poverty distributions, with the exception of the top-end or 90th decile. The modifying thresholds of the HDI vary from 0.542 to 0.632 and 0.333 to 0.705 in inequality and poverty specifications, respectively. The relevance of the findings is discussed in light of the current transition from Millennium Development Goals to Sustainable Development Goals.},
keywords = {Inequality, Mobile banking, Poverty, quality of growth},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@article{Asongu_373,
author = {Jacinta Nwachukwu C Simplice A. Asongu},
url = {http://www.emeraldinsight.com/eprint/GMCRYF4QEHV2N8DY9KIZ/full},
doi = {10.1108/ITP-12-2015-0295},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-02-05},
journal = {Information Technology & People},
volume = {31},
number = {1},
pages = {63-83},
abstract = {Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to assess the correlations between mobile banking and inclusive development (poverty and inequality) in 93 developing countries for the year 2011.

Design/methodology/approach
Mobile banking entails the following: “mobile phones used to pay bills” and “mobile phones used to receive/send money”, while the modifying policy indicator includes the human development index (HDI). The data are decomposed into seven sub-panels based on two fundamental characteristics: regions (Latin America, Asia and the Pacific, Central and Eastern Europe, and Middle East and North Africa) and income levels (upper middle income, lower middle income and low income).

Findings
The results show that at certain thresholds of the HDI, mobile banking is positively linked to inclusive development. The following specific findings are established. First, the increased use of mobile phones to pay bills is negatively correlated with: poverty in lower-middle-income countries (LMIC), upper-middle-income countries (UMIC) and Latin American (LA) countries, respectively, at HDI thresholds of 0.725, 0.727 and 0.778 and inequality in UMIC and LA with HDI thresholds of, respectively, 0.646 and 0.761. Second, the increased use of mobile phones to send/receive money is negatively correlated with: poverty in LMIC, UMIC and Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries with corresponding HDI thresholds of 0.631, 0.750 and 0.750 and inequality in UMIC, CEE and LA at HDI thresholds of 0.665, 0.736 and 0.726, respectively.

Practical implications
The findings are discussed in the light of current policy challenges in the transition from the UN’s Millennium Development Goals to Sustainable Development Goals.

Originality/value
The authors have exploited the only macroeconomic data on mobile banking currently available.},
keywords = {Empirical study, Inequality, Mobile banking, Mobile communications, Poverty},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@article{Asongu_401,
author = {& Odhiambo N M Asongu S. A.},
url = {http://journals.sagepub.com/eprint/kYZJPaYxxPsj8Ak59Riq/full},
doi = {10.1177/0266666917744006},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-12-01},
journal = {Information Development},
abstract = {The transition from Millennium Development Goals to Sustainable Development Goals has substantially shifted the policy debate from development to inclusive development. Using interactive quantile regressions, we examine the correlations between mobile banking and inclusive development (quality of growth, inequality and poverty) among individuals in 93 developing countries for the year 2011. Mobile banking entails: ‘mobile used to pay bills’ and ‘mobile used to receive/send money’. The findings broadly show that increasing mobile banking dynamics to certain thresholds would increase (decrease) quality of growth (inequality) in quantiles at the high-end of inclusive development distributions for the most part. The study is original in that it explores the relationship between mobile banking and inclusive development using three measurements of inclusive development, namely: quality of growth, inequality and poverty. As a main policy implication, encouraging mobile banking applications would play a substantial role in responding to the challenges of immiserizing growth, inequality and poverty in developing countries.},
keywords = {Developing countries, Inequality, Mobile banking, Poverty, quality of growth},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@article{Asongu_615,
author = {Simplice A Asongu},
url = {http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13132-015-0322-z},
doi = {10.1007/s13132-015-0322-z},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-10-01},
journal = {Journal of the Knowledge Economy},
pages = {1-55},
abstract = {Using 25 policy variables, this study investigates determinants of mobile phone/banking in 49 sub-Saharan African countries with data for the year 2011. The determinants are classified into six policy categories, notably macroeconomic, business/bank, market-related, knowledge economy, external flows and human development. The empirical evidence is based on contemporary and non-contemporary quantile regressions. The following implications are relevant to the findings. First, mobile phone penetration is positively correlated with (i) education, domestic savings, regulation quality and patent applications, especially at low initial levels of mobile penetration; (ii) bank density; (iii) urban population density and (iv) internet penetration. Second, the use of the mobile to pay bills is positively linked with (i) trade and internet penetration, especially in contemporary specifications and (ii) remittances and patent applications, especially at low initial levels of the dependent variable. Third, using the mobile to send/receive money is positively correlated with internet penetration and human development, especially in the contemporary specifications. Fourth, mobile banking is positively linked with (i) trade in contemporary specifications, (ii) remittances and patent applications at low initial levels of the dependent variable and (iii) internet penetration and human development, with contemporary threshold evidence. The policy implications are articulated with incremental policy syndromes.},
keywords = {Africa, Development, Mobile banking, Mobile phones},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}